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Bharatanatyam the oldest classical dance heritage of India is regarded as mother of many Indian classical dance forms and it originated in TamilNadu.Bha meaning emotion (Bhava), Ra meaning music (Raaga), Ta meaning rhythm (Taal) and Natyam meaning dance. Thus Bharatanatyam is the dance that encompasses music, rhythm and expression  and strictly adheres to the Natyashastra (the scripture of classical Indian dance).


The theoretical foundations of Bharatanatyam are found in Natya Shastra, the ancient Hindu text of performance arts. Natya Shastra is attributed to the ancient scholar Bharata Muni, and its first complete compilation is dated to between 200 BCE and 200 CE, however its timeframe varies between 500 BCE and 500 CE.